Chapter 01: What Is the Geographic Approach? 21 Maps and geodata The digital resources that are shared, saved, combined, and analyzed. Mapping and visualization The intentional arrangement of geographic information into a coherent visual display. Spatial analysis The process of examining the locations, attributes, and relationships of features in spatial data through overlay and other analytical techniques to address a question or gain useful knowledge. Monitoring and reporting Providing information in a timely manner that is designed for a specific purpose and audience. Community engagement Organized around geography, people and organizations focus energy and attention on specific issues. Planning, policy, and decision-making Taking action by applying a solid data foundation. GIS Geographic Information System GIS thematically organizes all data by location. Inputs Outputs Real-time (smart) measurements Virtually everything that moves or changes on Earth can be captured and delivered in real time. Engineering data Computer assisted design (CAD) and building information models (BIMs) provide infrastructure data for GIS applications. Remote sensing Remote sensing is the acquiring of information from a distance. NASA and other agencies observe Earth and other planetary bodies via remote sensors on satellites and aircraft that detect and record reflected or emitted energy.
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